Inputs (table below display portion of the spreadsheet): lambda wavelength, nm (controlled by on-screen slider) Phi radiant flux, watts (controlled by on-screen slider) flicfac flicker factor (0-1) (controlled by on-screen slider) Kmax Max. Klam LamMax Max. wavelength block 1=on 0=off k number of stages V total applied voltage, volts (controlled by on-screen slider) Klam quantum efficiency at lambda Ec cathode work function, Joule eta collection efficiency excess excess noise current, amps RL Load resistance, ohms (controlled by on-screen pop-up menu) t integration time, sec (controlled by on-screen pop-up menu) Tr Temperature (K) of load resistor Tc Temperature (K) of photocathode (controlled by on-screen slider) Ac Area of photocathode, cm2 C thermionic constant Calculated quantities: freq =(2.998E+17)/lambda Hz E =(6.6261E-34)*freq Joule Flux =Phi/E electrons/sec Klam =Kmax*exp(-((lambda-LamMax)/thresh*3.5)^2) quantum efficiency at lambda Vd =V/k voltage per dynode, volts m =g^k multiplication factor rcp =Klam*Flux*block photoelectron emission rate rt =ict/1.602E-19 cathode thermionic emission rate Rlam =(Klam*1.602E-19)/E radiant cathode responsivity (amps/watt) g =0.17*Vd^0.7 gain per stage ic =rcp*1.602E-19*block cathode photocurrent ia =eta*m*Rlam*Phi*block anode photocurrent ict =C*Ac*Tc*Tc*exp(-Ec/(Tc*1.3805E-23)) cathode thermionic current iat =ict*m*eta anode thermionic (dark) current Es =RL*(ia+iat) signal voltage alpha =1/(g-1)~ secondary emission factor deltaf =1/(2*t)~ noise bandwidth, Hz sigmai =sqrt(2*1.602E-19*(1+alpha)*m*ia*deltaf) photosignal shot noise current sigmat =sqrt(2*1.602E-19*(1+alpha)*m*iat*deltaf) thermionic shot noise current sigmad =sqrt(sigmat^2+excess^2) total dark noise current sigma =sqrt(sigmad^2+sigmai^2) total shot noise current sigmaJ =sqrt(4*1.38E-23*Tr*RL*deltaf) Johnson noise voltage sigman =sqrt((RL*sigma)^2+sigmaJ^2+sigmaf^2) total noise voltage sigmav =RL*sigma total shot noise voltage sigmaf =flicfac*(Es-iat*RL) flicker noise voltage (displayed) SNR =ia*RL/sigman signal-to-noise ratio (displayed) sigmadt =sqrt((RL*sigmad)^2+sigmaJ^2) total dark noise voltage (displayed) thresh =6.626E-34*29980000000*10000000/Ec long wavelength threshold, nm Display script (DC System): Signal Voltage=Es+sigman*2*(rand()-rand()+rand()-rand()+rand()-rand()) Noise Voltage = sigman SNR = SNR flicker noise = sigmaf photon noise = sigmai*RL dark noise = sigmadt Sheet script: on recalc if ia > .001 put "Anode current exceeds 1 mA maximum; phototube may be damaged by excessive current." into B1 else put " " into B1 end if if ic > .000001 put "Cathode current exceeds 1 ľA maximum; phototube may exhibit fatigue." into B2 else put " " into B2 end if if lambda > thresh put 0 into block else put 1 into block end if end recalc on idle put count+2 into count if count = 10 recalc range H2 if signal > 10 put 10 into H4 else put signal into H4 end if put 0 into count end if end idle